What is one potential negative effect of improper polishing technique?

The choice regarding gum irritation or recession as a potential negative effect of improper polishing technique is correct because improper polishing can lead to excessive pressure or the use of abrasive materials that may damage the gingival tissue surrounding the teeth. When the polishing instrument is not used with the correct technique or at an appropriate power level, it can cause trauma to the gums, leading to inflammation or even recession, where the gum tissue pulls away from the tooth surface, exposing the roots and increasing susceptibility to hypersensitivity and decay.

Other potential effects of improper polishing techniques, though not the correct answer in this context, could include issues such as increased abrasion of the enamel or undue stress on dental restorations. However, these concerns specifically affect the enamel or dental materials rather than directly causing issues with the gums.