What type of bacteria are primarily responsible for dental caries?

Streptococcus mutans is widely recognized as a primary bacterium involved in the formation of dental caries (cavities). This particular bacterium is part of the normal flora of the oral cavity but becomes particularly pathogenic under certain conditions. It thrives in acidic environments and is capable of metabolizing sugars to produce acid, which can demineralize tooth enamel. This process leads to the formation of carious lesions.

S. mutans has a key role in the initial stages of caries development, as it adheres to the dental surface and forms biofilms, commonly known as dental plaque. When sugar is consumed, S. mutans ferments these sugars, producing acid and contributing to the decay process. Its ability to form dental biofilms makes it a significant etiological factor in the carious process.

While other bacteria, such as Lactobacillus casei, may play a role in the progression of caries once they have established, Streptococcus mutans is typically identified as the main initiator of dental caries due to its early colonization of clean teeth, especially in children. Understanding the role of S. mutans can help in developing preventive measures and effective oral hygiene practices to combat dental caries.