Which agent is primarily used for polishing teeth during prophylaxis?

The agent primarily used for polishing teeth during prophylaxis is handpiece friction paste. This paste is specifically formulated to be used with a dental handpiece, creating a smooth, effective polishing action that helps remove plaque, stains, and debris from the tooth surfaces. The abrasiveness of the friction paste is balanced to effectively clean the teeth while minimizing the risk of damage to the enamel.

Baking soda is often mentioned in oral care for its mild abrasive qualities and is used in some home remedies, but it is not the primary choice in a clinical setting for professional tooth polishing. Calcium carbonate, while also an abrasive material, is typically found in some toothpaste formulations but is not exclusively used in the polishing process during prophylaxis. Acidulated phosphate fluoride is primarily used for remineralization and prevention of caries rather than polishing. Therefore, handpiece friction paste is the most appropriate and effective agent specifically intended for the polishing function during dental prophylaxis.